The Google Docs equation editor allows entering certain mathematical symbols and operations via a LaTeX \LaTeX L A T E X -style command syntax.
In addition to the symbols listed in the various dropdown menus in the equation toolbar, there are also several other undocumented commands recognized by Google Docs.
This page is an attempt at compiling a complete list of all commands that can be used in an equation.
As of August 2020, there's a total of 173 supported commands I know of.
Arrows
Symbol
Command
Symbol
Command
← \leftarrow ←
\leftarrow
↑ \uparrow ↑
\uparrow
→ \rightarrow →
\rightarrow
↓ \downarrow ↓
\downarrow
↔ \leftrightarrow ↔
\leftrightarrow
↕ \updownarrow ↕
\updownarrow
⇐ \Leftarrow ⇐
\Leftarrow
⇑ \Uparrow ⇑
\Uparrow
⇒ \Rightarrow ⇒
\Rightarrow
⇓ \Downarrow ⇓
\Downarrow
⇔ \Leftrightarrow ⇔
\Leftrightarrow
⇕ \Updownarrow ⇕
\Updownarrow
Greek letters
Symbol
Command
Symbol
Command
α \alpha α
\alpha
σ \sigma σ
\sigma
β \beta β
\beta
ς \varsigma ς
\varsigma
γ \gamma γ
\gamma
τ \tau τ
\tau
δ \delta δ
\delta
υ \upsilon υ
\upsilon
ϵ \epsilon ϵ
\epsilon
ϕ \phi ϕ
\phi
ε \varepsilon ε
\varepsilon
φ \varphi φ
\varphi
ζ \zeta ζ
\zeta
χ \chi χ
\chi
η \eta η
\eta
ψ \psi ψ
\psi
θ \theta θ
\theta
ω \omega ω
\omega
ϑ \vartheta ϑ
\vartheta
Γ \Gamma Γ
\Gamma
ι \iota ι
\iota
Δ \Delta Δ
\Delta
κ \kappa κ
\kappa
Θ \Theta Θ
\Theta
λ \lambda λ
\lambda
Λ \Lambda Λ
\Lambda
μ \mu μ
\mu
Ξ \Xi Ξ
\Xi
ν \nu ν
\nu
Π \Pi Π
\Pi
ξ \xi ξ
\xi
Σ \Sigma Σ
\Sigma
π \pi π
\pi
Υ \Upsilon Υ
\Upsilon
ϖ \varpi ϖ
\varpi
Φ \Phi Φ
\Phi
ρ \rho ρ
\rho
Ψ \Psi Ψ
\Psi
ϱ \varrho ϱ
\varrho
Ω \Omega Ω
\Omega
Relations
Symbol
Command
Symbol
Command
≤ \leq ≤
\leq
≍ \asymp ≍
\asymp
≥ \geq ≥
\geq
≈ \approx ≈
\approx
≺ \prec ≺
\prec
≠ \ne =
\ne
≻ \succ ≻
\succ
⊂ \subset ⊂
\subset
⪯ \preceq ⪯
\preceq
⊃ \supset ⊃
\supset
⪰ \succeq ⪰
\succeq
⊆ \subseteq ⊆
\subseteq
≪ \ll ≪
\ll
⊇ \supseteq ⊇
\supseteq
≫ \gg ≫
\gg
∈ \in ∈
\in
≡ \equiv ≡
\equiv
∋ \ni ∋
\ni
∼ \sim ∼
\sim
∉ \notin ∈ /
\notin
≃ \simeq ≃
\simeq
Miscellaneous operations
Symbol
Command
Symbol
Command
× \times ×
\times
∨ \vee ∨
\vee
÷ \div ÷
\div
∧ \wedge ∧
\wedge
⋅ \cdot ⋅
\cdot
∩ \cap ∩
\cap
± \pm ±
\pm
∪ \cup ∪
\cup
∓ \mp ∓
\mp
ℵ \aleph ℵ
\aleph
∗ \ast ∗
\ast
ℜ \Re ℜ
\Re
⋆ \star ⋆
\star
ℑ \Im ℑ
\Im
∘ \circ ∘
\circ
⊤ \top ⊤
\top
∙ \bullet ∙
\bullet
⊥ \bot ⊥
\bot
⊕ \oplus ⊕
\oplus
∞ \infty ∞
\infty
⊖ \ominus ⊖
\ominus
∂ \partial ∂
\partial
⊘ \oslash ⊘
\oslash
∀ \forall ∀
\forall
⊗ \otimes ⊗
\otimes
∃ \exists ∃
\exists
⊙ \odot ⊙
\odot
¬ \neg ¬
\neg
† \dagger †
\dagger
△ \triangle △
\triangle
‡ \ddagger ‡
\ddagger
⋄ \diamond ⋄
\diamond
Punctuation
Symbol
Command
Symbol
Command
( ) () ( )
\rbracelr
x ˙ \dot{x} x ˙
\dot
{ } \{\} { }
\sbracelr
x ¨ \ddot{x} x ¨
\ddot
[ ] [] [ ]
\bracelr
x ~ \tilde{x} x ~
\tilde
… \dots …
\dots
x ‾ \underline{x} x
\underline
… \ldots …
\ldots
x ‾ \overline{x} x
\overline
⋯ \cdots ⋯
\cdots
x ˉ \bar{x} x ˉ
\bar
⋮ \vdots ⋮
\vdots
x ^ \hat{x} x ^
\hat
⊢ \vdash ⊢
\vdash
x ^ \widehat{x} x
\widehat
x ⃗ \vec{x} x
\vec
Elementary
Symbol
Command
Symbol
Command
x y \frac{x}{y} y x
\frac
∥ ∥ \|\| ∥ ∥
\abs
x \sqrt{x} x
\sqrt
∑ a b \sum_{a}^{b} ∑ a b
\sum
, \sumab
x n \sqrt[n]{x} n x
\rootof
∏ a b \prod_{a}^{b} ∏ a b
\prod
, \prodab
x b x_{b} x b
\subscript
∐ a b \coprod_{a}^{b} ∐ a b
\coprod
, \coprodab
x a x^{a} x a
\superscript
⋂ a b \bigcap_{a}^{b} ⋂ a b
\bigcap
, \bigcapab
x b a x_{b}^{a} x b a
\subsuperscript
⋃ a b \bigcup_{a}^{b} ⋃ a b
\bigcup
, \bigcupab
Analysis
Symbol
Command
∫ a b \int_{a}^{b} ∫ a b
\int
, \intab
∮ a b \oint_{a}^{b} ∮ a b
\oint
, \ointab
inf \inf inf
\inf
sup \sup sup
\sup
lim \lim lim
lim
, lima
lim a → b \lim_{a \to b} lim a → b
\limab
lim inf \liminf l i m i n f
\liminf
, \liminfa
lim inf a → b \liminf_{a \to b} a → b l i m i n f
\liminfab
lim sup \limsup l i m s u p
limsup
, \limsupa
lim sup a → b \limsup_{a \to b} a → b l i m s u p
\limsupab
Linear algebra
Symbol
Command
ker \ker ker
\ker
det \det det
\det
dim \dim dim
\dim
Probability theory
Symbol
Command
Pr \Pr Pr
\Pr
( n k ) \binom{n}{k} ( k n )
\choose
, \binom
, \binomab
Trigonometry
Symbol
Command
Symbol
Command
sin \sin sin
\sin
sec \sec sec
\sec
sinh \sinh sinh
\sinh
csc \csc csc
\csc
arcsin \arcsin arcsin
\arcsin
cot \cot cot
\cot
cos \cos cos
\cos
coth \coth coth
\coth
cosh \cosh cosh
\cosh
arg \arg arg
\arg
arccos \arccos arccos
\arccos
deg \deg deg
\deg
tan \tan tan
\tan
tanh \tanh tanh
\tanh
arctan \arctan arctan
\arctan
Other
Symbol
Command
min \min min
\min
, \mina
max \max max
\max
, \maxa
exp \exp exp
\exp
ln \ln ln
\ln
lg \lg lg
\lg
log \log log
\log
gcd \gcd g cd
\gcd
hom \hom hom
\hom
ℏ \hbar ℏ
\hbar